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Giardia is a single-celled intestinal parasite that causes recurring, mucousy, foul-smelling diarrhoea in both dogs and cats. It is often misdiagnosed because cysts are shed intermittently: a single negative sample does not rule out infection. It can be detected from a stool sample with a home antigen rapid test; if symptoms persist, it is worth repeating the test within 2–3 days.

Before a litter goes to new homes, the most important screening is parvo and Giardia for puppies, and panleukopenia, Giardia and the parents' FIV/FeLV status for kittens. Tests are best done before vaccination or well apart from it, and the documented results should be handed over to the buyer.

FIV (feline AIDS) and FeLV (feline leukaemia) are viruses that infect only cats and can remain without symptoms for years. Every new, sick or exposed cat should be tested; a combined rapid test gives a result from one blood sample within minutes, and a positive result is confirmed by a vet.

In a multi-pet household, separating and screening new animals, everyday hygiene and a disinfectant suited to the pathogen prevent infections from spreading. If one animal is ill, isolate it quickly and test its companions in a targeted way.

Canine enteric coronavirus (CCV) mainly causes diarrhoea in young puppies that is usually mild and clears up on its own, but together with parvo it can be fatal. Because it cannot be told apart from parvo by its symptoms, it is worth testing for both at the same time in a puppy with diarrhoea.